The control mechanisms in the cockpit now operate signal transducers, which in turn generate the appropriate electronic commands. Digital signal processing can receive and interpret input from multiple sensors simultaneously (such as the altimeters and the pitot tubes) and adjust the controls in real time. The CAN controller expects the transition to occur at a multiple of the nominal bit time. The hydraulic circuits are similar except that mechanical servo valves are replaced with electrically controlled servo valves, operated by the electronic controller. Foreshadowing today's network hubs and switches, Farallon provided solutions for PhoneNet to be used in star as well as bus configurations, with both passive star connections (with the phone wires simply bridged to each other at a central point), and active star with "PhoneNet Star Controller" hub hardware. Broadband Access and Network Management: NOC '98 - Networks and Optical Communication. Inc, IDG Network World (August 5, 1996). "Network World". Digital flight control systems (DFCS) enable inherently unstable combat aircraft, such as the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk and the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit flying wing to fly in usable and safe manners. The primary benefit for such aircraft is more maneuverability during combat and training flights, and the so-called "carefree handling" because stalling, spinning and other undesirable performances are prevented automatically by the computers.

Gyroscopes and sensors such as accelerometers are mounted in an aircraft to sense rotation on the pitch, roll and yaw axes. This is because the digital computers that are running software are often the only control path between the pilot and aircraft's flight control surfaces. If the computer software crashes for any reason, the pilot may be unable to control an aircraft. This is partly due to the lower overall weight of the system components and partly because the natural stability of the aircraft can be relaxed (slightly for a transport aircraft; more for a maneuverable fighter), which means that the stability surfaces that are part of the aircraft structure can therefore be made smaller. It typically has lower data carrying capacity than HFC networks and data speeds can be range-limited by line lengths and quality. A digital fly-by-wire flight control system can be extended from its analog counterpart. The term "fly-by-wire" implies a purely electrically signaled control system. Improved fully fly-by-wire systems interpret the pilot's control inputs as a desired outcome and calculate the control surface positions required to achieve that outcome; this results in various combinations of rudder, elevator, aileron, what is control cable flaps and engine controls in different situations using a closed feedback loop.

The controllers at each surface receive these commands and then move actuators attached to the control surface until it has moved to where the flight control computer commanded it to. During a dominant state, the signal lines and resistor(s) move to a low-impedance state with respect to the rails so that current flows through the resistor. This move also occurred as New York Yankees games on cable moved to MSG from Cablevision-owned SportsChannel. The motor cable with its voltage class of 600/1000V is required if the motor speed is controlled by a frequency converter and voltage peaks occur due to the pulse width modulation. DMX512's popularity is partly due to its robustness. Cellular networks utilize various standards for data transmission, including 5G which can support one million separate devices per square kilometer. By 1987, Ethernet was clearly winning the standards battle over Token Ring, and in the middle of that year, Apple introduced EtherTalk 1.0, an implementation of the AppleTalk protocol over the Ethernet physical layer. As Apple abandoned many of these product categories, and all new systems were based on IP, AppleTalk became less and less common. Adaptors for Apple II and Apple III were also announced.

His work was taken over and developed by Moritz von Jacobi who invented telegraph equipment that was used by Tsar Alexander III to connect the Imperial palace at Tsarskoye Selo and Kronstadt Naval Base. Pre-flight safety checks of a fly-by-wire system are often performed using built-in test equipment (BITE). To be able to view a digitally modulated channel, home, or customer-premises equipment (CPE), e.g. digital televisions, computers, or set-top boxes, are required to convert the RF signals to signals that are compatible with display devices such as analog televisions or computer monitors. Mechanical and hydro-mechanical flight control systems are relatively heavy and require careful routing of flight control cables through the aircraft by systems of pulleys, cranks, tension cables and hydraulic pipes. In addition, most of the early digital fly-by-wire aircraft also had an analog electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic back-up flight control system. Others are used for autonomous driving, advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), transmission, airbags, antilock braking/ABS, cruise control, electric power steering, audio systems, power windows, doors, mirror adjustment, battery and recharging systems for hybrid/electric cars, etc. Some of these form independent subsystems, but communication among others is essential. Complex logic exists to deal with multiple failures, which may prompt the system to revert to simpler back-up modes.